Manuals, training packs & toolkits Archives - Page 22 of 26 - Oxfam Policy & Practice

Technical briefing

Introduction to Contracting out PH Engineering Works and Contract Management

01/12/2008

1 documents

6 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

The objective of the guide is to provide advice on successful implementation of any large construction contracts related to public health engineering works. The following key steps must be adhered to, to ensure a successful outcome to the contract management process: 1) Planning the full contract document, 2) Procurement – Selection of contractors through tender […]

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Technical briefing

Low Cost Drainage for Emergencies

01/12/2008

1 documents

9 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Effective drainage is important in emergencies when there is a risk of flooding or there is a risk of poor environmental health conditions developing from standing water, muddy conditions, or erosion. It would not usually be the first priority in the initial stages of an emergency, but should be considered after the immediate water, sanitation […]

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Technical briefing

Repairing, Cleaning and Disinfecting Hand Dug Wells

03/06/2008

1 documents

6 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Hand dug wells may need repairing, cleaning and disinfecting after inundation by flood water, inundation of seawater as in the case of a tsunami, materials entering as the result of mudslides or as a result of hurricanes, or simply after long periods of limited maintenance or neglect. If work has been undertaken on the well […]

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Technical briefing

Septic Tank Guidelines

03/06/2008

1 documents

6 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

A septic tank takes raw sewage in, allows the solids to settle (sludge) and allows the remaining liquid to flow into the surrounding soil by means of a soakaway. Scum on the surface is also prevented from leaving the tank. Microorganisms in the anaerobic environment in the tank digest the sludge and scum. The system […]

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Technical briefing

Spring Protection

03/06/2008

1 documents

6 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Springs occur where water from an underground aquifer flows out of the ground to the surface. The spring can occur where the water flows out of the ground by gravity, or it could be an artesian spring where the water appears at the surface under pressure from a confined aquifer below. The point at which […]

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Technical briefing

Vulnerability and Socio-Cultural Considerations for PHE in Emergencies

03/06/2008

1 documents

9 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

One size does not always fit all. A toilet design which suits one community may be rejected by another. Superstitions over particular water sources can add complications to the selection and development of sources. Water supply facilities inappropriately sited can leave women at increased risk of rape or attack. Use of water resources in semi-arid […]

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Technical briefing

Household Water Treatment and Storage

03/06/2008

1 documents

15 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Historically, interventions to provide people with safe water have focussed on improving water sources. However there is now a consensus among the WatSan community that even if the drinking water source is safe it can easily be re-contaminated during its transportation and storage in the household (Clasen and Bastable, 2003). A safe water intervention should […]

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Technical briefing

Solar Powered Borehole Pumps

03/06/2008

1 documents

4 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Electricity generated by solar panels (photovoltaic power) has been used for powering pumps for many years but in the past these systems have suffered from high capital costs, low power and uncertain reliability. Increasing concern over climate change and the environment; ever rising oil costs with continuing development of solar systems have all combined to […]

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Technical briefing

Plastic Sheeting: Use and procurement in humanitarian relief

03/06/2008

1 documents

5 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Plastic sheeting (also known as plastic tarpaulin, tarp, or polythene sheet) is a sheet of strong, flexible, water resistant or waterproof material. Plastic sheeting suitable for humanitarian relief is made from polyethylene. Plastic sheeting is one of the most widely used and distributed Non food Items in humanitarian relief. It is a highly adaptable material […]

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Technical briefing

Composting of Organic Materials and Recycling

21/05/2008

1 documents

5 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Recycling and composting are waste management options, which should be considered as part of an overall waste management solution. However, during the early stages of an emergency these are unlikely to be appropriate and emphasis will on removing waste from areas where people are highly concentrated to avoid potential health and safety problems. After the […]

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