Trade Archives - Oxfam Policy & Practice

Briefing paper

Raising the Bar: Supermarkets must urgently address structural exploitation of cocoa farmers

10/04/2025

1 documents

36 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Most cocoa farmers in main cocoa producing countries Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana are poor, even though they are at the heart of the supply chain for a luxury good: chocolate. For decades they have been receiving low farm gate prices, which don’t allow them to earn a living income for their families. At the same […]

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Discussion paper

Towards Meaningful Human Rights Impact Assessments: From supermarket commitments to best practice action

11/01/2024

2 documents

55 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

This discussion paper focuses on the commitments that Dutch, German and UK supermarkets made as part of the Behind the Barcodes campaign to conduct human rights impact assessments (HRIAs). To understand whether supermarkets are meaningfully implementing those commitments and to support learning, this paper analyses the HRIAs that supermarkets have published in the past four […]

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Research report

Towards a Living Income for Cocoa Farmers in Ghana: Assessing companies’ efforts to date

14/02/2023

2 documents

64 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

This report analyzes existing strategies and interventions implemented by cocoa and chocolate companies operating in Ghana to raise the income of cocoa farmers in their supply chains. It has two main aims: first, to complement companies’ learning efforts by pulling together and distilling lessons and insights from across the sector; and second, to strengthen transparency […]

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Research report

The Workers Behind the Citrus Fruits: A focused Human Rights Impact Assessment of Coop Sweden’s Moroccan citrus fruit supply chains

20/04/2022

1 documents

101 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

This paper reports on a focused human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of Coop Sweden’s Moroccan citrus supply chains. The HRIA aimed to assess the actual and potential human rights impacts at the production stage of the value chain in Morocco, to identify their root causes, and to provide recommendations to relevant stakeholders concerning their mitigation […]

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Briefing paper

Turning Point: A three year update on US supermarkets’ progress and pitfalls

07/04/2022

1 documents

45 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the global landscape of the food retail industry has dramatically shifted. There is now greater awareness of how wealth and gender inequalities have been exacerbated; the power of workers in the United States (US) has been awakened; the vulnerability of global supply chains has been exposed; big retailers are competing […]

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Research report

Behind the Barcodes Scorecard Data 2018-2022

05/04/2022

4 documents

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

The Supermarket Scorecard assesses supermarkets’ policies and practices on human rights in their supply chains. We analysed whether supermarkets are transparent and accountable in the ways they ensure that workers’ rights are respected, small-scale farmers are prosperous and the women who produce our food are treated fairly. These are the four pillars of the Scorecard. […]

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Research report

Behind the Barcodes 2022 Supermarket Scorecard and Data

05/04/2022

8 documents

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

This is the 2022 update to the Supermarket Scorecard, part of the Behind the Barcodes campaign that Oxfam launched in 2018 to expose the economic exploitation faced by millions of small-scale farmers and workers in food supply chains, and mobilize the power of people around the world to help end it. The Supermarket Scorecard assesses […]

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Research report

Tackling Gender Inequality in the Cocoa Supply Chain: Are big chocolate companies delivering on their global commitments in Ghana?

11/02/2022

1 documents

50 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

In 2013, leading chocolate companies Mars, Mondelēz, and Nestlé made global commitments to reduce gender inequalities across their cocoa supply chain. This report follows up on these commitments and presents findings on the gender equality programs Mars, Mondelēz, and Nestlé – and their agribusiness suppliers – are implementing in the cocoa supply chain of Ghana, […]

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Research report

The Workers Behind Sweden’s Italian Wine: An illustrative Human Rights Impact Assessment of Systembolaget’s Italian wine supply chains

15/09/2021

2 documents

118 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

This paper reports on an illustrative human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of the Italian wine supply chains of Systembolaget, the Swedish monopoly alcohol retailer. The HRIA aimed to evaluate the actual and potential human rights impacts at the production stage of the value chain in Italy, to identify their root causes, and to provide recommendations […]

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Briefing paper

Precarity and the Pandemic: A survey of wage issues and Covid-19 impacts amongst migrant seafood workers in Thailand

30/07/2021

1 documents

20 pages long

Languages: English

Keywords

Overview

This report presents findings from an extensive survey of migrant workers in the Thai seafood industry conducted by the CSO Coalition. The report focuses on the issue of low wages, the gender pay gap and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these issues and the workers who experience them. It also aims to develop […]

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